Graduates of venture creation programs – where do they apply their entrepreneurial competencies?

Abstract The assessment of entrepreneurship education outcomes should move beyond a focus on firm creation and associated economic impact to consider more nuanced view that pays attention graduates their entrepreneurial competencies. There is currently limited understanding what extent competencies developed through are applied in graduates’ subsequent careers across various occupational roles, either as employees or self-employed. Our analysis based survey administered 556 from three Nordic master-level programs (1997–2018), all identified venture programs. We find that, large extent, multiple roles encompassing self-employment, hybrid entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship. Entrepreneurship relevant not only new but also positions established organizations when it comes application careers.